In the Gregorian calendar, 1440 AH runs from approximately 11 September 2018 to 30 August 2019. In English, years prior to the Hijra are reckoned as BH (“Before the Hijra”). In Muslim countries, it is also sometimes denoted as H from its Arabic form ( سَنة هِجْريّة, abbreviated هـ). In the West, dates in this era are usually denoted AH (Latin: Anno Hegirae, “in the year of the Hijra”) in parallel with the Christian (AD), Common (CE) and Jewish eras (AM). During that year, Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Yathrib (now Medina) and established the first Muslim community ( ummah), an event commemorated as the Hijra. The Islamic calendar employs the Hijri era whose epoch was established as the Islamic New Year of 622 AD/CE. Rents, wages and similar regular commitments are generally paid by the civil calendar. Notable exceptions to this rule are Iran and Afghanistan, which use the Solar Hijri calendar. The civil calendar of almost all countries where the religion is predominantly Muslim is the Gregorian calendar. It is used to determine the proper days of Islamic holidays and rituals, such as the annual period of fasting and the proper time for the pilgrimage to Mecca. (Friday), when the Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him) performed his last and farewell pilgrimage to Makkah.The Islamic, Muslim, or Hijri calendar ( ا لتقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days. The earliest date of Islamic calendar for which a Julian calendar date is exactly known is 9 th Dhu al-Hijjah, 10 AH, which corresponds to March 6, 632 C.E. However, if one wants a theoretical starting date for Islamic calendar (on the basis of purely lunar months without intercalation, counting backwards) then the first day of the first month i.e. as practiced in Arabia corresponded either April 18 or May 18, 622 C.E. Accordingly, first day of Muharram, 1 A.H. Different tribes were following different intercalations, so there was no uniform calendar. However, the era between 1 st year to 10 th year of the Hijrah was not following this Islamic Calendar instead the prevailing practices of various kinds of intercalation was followed in Arabia at that time. The actual starting date for the Islamic Calendar was chosen (on the basis of purely lunar years, counting backwards) to be the first day of the first month (1 st Muharram) of the year of the Hijrah. The Arabic word Hajara means: to break off from the relations or abandon one’s own tribe.Īlthough, the Islamic calendar was introduced in the Christian Era of 632 AD by the Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him), the beginning of the Islamic era for the count of Islamic years was considered and discussed during 639 AD, the time of the 4 th year of the Caliphate of Umar who declared that the most important event in establishing the roots of Islam in Medinah is Hijrah (Messenger’s migration from Makkah), therefore let it become the epoch of the era which happened in 622 AD. The word Hijrah has often been misrepresented by many writers Muslims and non-Muslim alike. It was during the Messenger Muhammad’s (peace be upon him) last pilgrimage in the 10 th year of Hijrah (10 th year of his migration from Makkah to Medinah), that the decision to introduce a purely lunar Islamic Calendar was made. in Western languages from the latinized “Anno Hegirae” or more commonly known as “After Hijrah.” The Islamic (Hijri) calendar year is usually abbreviated A.H. Jumada al-Ukhra (also known as Jumada al-Thaani). ![]() Jumada al-Ooola (also known as Jumada al-Awwal).The 12 months of the Islamic calendar are: Since the Islamic Lunar year has 12 lunar months, it is on an average, 11 days shorter than the (Gregorian) civil year, the Islamic year shifts earlier in each civil year by about 11 days. There are 12 months in an Islamic year, which is either 354 days long or 355 days long, compared to (Gregorian) civil calendar year of 365 or 366 days. Hence, the month is either 29 days or 30 days. The Islamic calendar is based on lunar months, which begin when a thin new crescent Moon is actually sighted in the western sky after sunset within a day or so after the New Moon.
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